General Linguistics
Internet Resources

Links to Internet resources for linguistics

• The Linguist List, Eastern Michigan University - Wayne State University
  https://linguistlist.org/
• Guia temàtica de Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatge, Biblioteca de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra
  https://guiesbibtic.upf.edu/trad
• Manning, C., Linguistics, Natural Language and Computational Linguistics Meta-index, Natural Language Processing Group, Stanford University
  https://nlp.stanford.edu/links/linguistics.html

Dictionaries and glossaries

• Kerstens, J. - Ruys, E. - Zwarts, J. (Eds.) Lexicon of Linguistics, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University
  http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/
• Loos, E. L. (Ed.) Glossary of Linguistic Terms, SIL International
  https://glossary.sil.org/
• Pountain, C. (2007). Glossary of linguistic terms. London: School of Languages Linguistics and Film, Queen Mary University of London. Retrieved from http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cjpountain/linggloss.htm

Bibliographies

• Bibliographies, The Linguist List, Eastern Michigan University - Wayne State University
  https://linguistlist.org/sp/GetWRListings.cfm?WRAbbrev=Bibs

General resources

• Lawler, J. Frequently asked questions about Linguistics, University of Michigan
  http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/lingfaq.html
• Linguistic resources, SIL International
  http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/resources.html

Courses

• Beaudoin, M., LINGQ200 Introduction à l’étude du langage, University of Alberta
  https://sites.ualberta.ca/~mbeaudoi/lingq200.htm
• Gasser, M. How Language Works (edition 3.0). Computer Science Department, University of Indiana.
  http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/
• Lawler, J., Linguistics 210 Introduction to Linguistic Analysis, Department of Linguistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
  http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/210.html

Linguists

Émile Benveniste

• Émile Benveniste - TITUS (Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien) Galeria
  http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/galeria/benvenis.htm

Noam Chomsky

• 
  Noam Chomsky
• Noam Chomsky, Department of Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA
  http://linguistics.mit.edu/user/chomsky/
• chomsky.info, The Noam Chomsky website
  https://chomsky.info

Morris Halle

• 
  Morris Halle
• Morris Halle, Linguistics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA
  http://news.mit.edu/2018/institute-professor-emeritus-morris-halle-innovative-and-influential-linguist-dies-94-0403

Charles Hockett

Gair, J. W. (2006). Charles Francis Hockett 1916-2000. A biographical memoir. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/hockett-charles.pdf

Roman Jakobson

• 
  Roman Jakobson
• Roman Jakobson, LingLinks, Department of Linguistics, Brigham Young University
  http://www.ttt.org/linglinks/i_m.html

William Labov

• William Labov, Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania
  http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/

Edward Sapir

Darnell, R., & Irvine, J. T. (1997.). Edward Sapir. Biographical memoirs. National Academy of Sciences.
http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/sapir-edward.pdf

• Edward Sapir - TITUS (Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien) Galeria
  http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/galeria/sapir.htm

Ferdinand de Saussure

• 
  Ferdinand de Saussure
• Saussurisme et sémiotiques, texto! Textes & Cultures, Institut Ferdinand de Saussure, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris
  http://www.revue-texto.net/index.php?id=60
• Saussure, F. de, Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics (1910-1911), A Miniature Library on Philosophy, Marxists Internet Archive
  https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/saussure.htm
• Ferdinand de Saussure - TITUS (Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien) Galeria
  http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/personal/galeria/saussure.htm

Linguistics and language blogs

• Language Log, Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania
  http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/

Language and languages

Language diversity and linguistic universals

• Comrie, B. (2012). Language and diversity. Articles in the Domain of Linguistics - The Science of Linguistics - What Is Linguistics? Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America. Retrieved from https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/language-and-diversity
• Chung, S., & Pullum, G. K. (2012). Grammar. Articles in the Domain of Linguistics - The Science of Linguistics - What Is Linguistics? Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America. Retrieved from https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/grammar
• Sapir, E. (1921). Language. An introduction to the study of speech. New York: Harcourt Brace & World. Retrieved from http://www.bartleby.com/186/

Biological aspects of language

Origins and evolution of language

Human evolution

• Arsuaga, J.L., Claves de la evolución humana. Centro Nacional de Información y Comunicación Educativa, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia
  http://ntic.educacion.es/w3//eos/MaterialesEducativos/mem/claves_evolucion/index.html
• Foley, J., Fossil Hominids: the evidence for human evolution, The TalkOrigins Archive
  http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/
• Sept, J., Human Origins and Evolution Homebase, Anthropology Department, Indiana University
  http://www.indiana.edu/~origins/

Animal communication

Insects

• Insects, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioacoustics, Università di Pavia
  http://www-3.unipv.it/webcib/insec.html

Fishes

• Fishes, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioacoustics, Università di Pavia
  http://www-3.unipv.it/webcib/fish.html

Birds

• The Alex Foundation, Communication and Intelligence of Parrots, I. M. Pepperberg, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
  https://alexfoundation.org/

Mammals

• Mammals, Interdisciplinary Center for Bioacoustics, Università di Pavia
  http://www-3.unipv.it/webcib/mamm.html

Primates

• The Jane Goodall Institute
  http://www.janegoodall.org/

Primate-human communication

• The Language Research Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University
  http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwlrc/index.html
• Friends of Washoe
  http://www.friendsofwashoe.org/
• Koko, The Gorilla Foundation
  http://www.koko.org/
• Do apes use language?, The Sounds of Language, The Why Files, University of Wisconsin
  https://whyfiles.org/058language/ape_talk.html

Design features

• Coleman, J. (n.d.). Language as animal communication. Oxford: Phonetics Laboratory, University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/animals.htm

Language and the brain

• Cairn, S., Language and Brain, The Field of Linguistics, Linguistic Society of America, 1997
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/language-and-brain

Language acquisition

• Christopher and language acquisition. Joey Foo, YouTube.
  https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF3378F342146AD08.
• Genie, The Secret of the Wild Child. Nova, 1994.
  https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/genie-secret-wild-child/
• Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle [The enigma of Kaspar Hauser], Werner Herzog, 1974
  Part 1; Part 2; Part 3; Part 4; Part 5; Part 6; Part 7; Part 8; Part 9; Part 10; Part 11; Part 12.

Languages of the world

• Simons, G. F. & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2018). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (21st ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International.
  https://www.ethnologue.com
• Hammarström, H., Bank, S., Forkel, R. & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.). (2018). Glottolog 3.2. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  http://glottolog.org
• Leclerc, J., Les grandes familles linguistiques du monde, L’aménagement linguistique dans le monde, TLFQ, Université Laval
  http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/monde/familles.htm
• The Rosseta Project- The Long Now Foundation
  http://rosettaproject.org/
• Pereltsvaig, A., Languages of the world. Exploring the rich diversity of human languages, Department of Linguistics, Stanford University
  http://www.languagesoftheworld.info/
• Wikitongues. (2018). Brooklyn, NY.
  https://wikitongues.org

Links to Internet resources on the languages of the world

• Language Links, Language Resources Area, The Linguist List, Eastern Michigan University - Wayne State University
  https://linguistlist.org/sp/GetWRListings.cfm?wrtypeid=12
• I love Languages, T. Chambers
  http://www.ilovelanguages.com/

Language maps

• Dryer, M.S., Language Family Maps, Department of Linguistics, University of Buffalo
  http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~dryer/family_maps.htm
• Veselinova, L., Language Maps Collection, Department of Linguistics, University of Stockholm
  http://www2.ling.su.se/staff/ljuba/maps.html

Writing systems

• Ager, S. (2016). Omniglot. The online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages. Bangor. Retrieved from http://www.omniglot.com
• Alfabetos de ayer y de hoy. (2013). Madrid: PROEL, Promotora Española de Lingüística. Retrieved from http://www.proel.org/index.php?pagina=alfabetos
• MNAMON, Ancient writing systems in the Mediterranean. A critical guide to electronic resources. (2016). Pisa: Laboratorio di Storia, Archeologia, Epigrafia, Tradizione dell'antico, Scuola Normale Superiore. Retrieved from http://mnamon.sns.it

Egyptian hieroglyphs

• The British Museum. (n.d.). Writing. Ancien egypt. London: The British Museum. Retrieved from http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/writing/home.html
• Ross, K. L. (2011). The pronunciation of ancient Egyptian. The proceedings of the Friesian School, fourth series. Retrieved from http://www.friesian.com/egypt.htm

Cuneiform

• ETCSL. (2005). Cuneiform writing. The electronic text corpus of Sumerian literature. Oxford: Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford. Retrieved from http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/edition2/cuneiformwriting.php

Maya writing

• FAMSI. (n.d.). Brief note about Maya hieroglyphic writing. Maya hieroglyphic writing. FAMSI, Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved from http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/

Minority and Endangered Languages

• Comitè de seguiment de la Declaració Universal de Drets Lingüístics (1998). Declaració universal de drets lingüístics. Barcelona: Institut d’Edicions de la Diputació de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://www.pencatala.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/declaraciouniversaldretslinguistics.pdf
• ELAR, The Endangered Languages Archive. (n.d.). London: SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Retrieved from https://elar.soas.ac.uk
• ELDP, Endangered Languages Documentation Programme. (2015). London: SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Retrieved from http://www.eldp.net
• ELF. (n.d.). The Endangered Language Fund. New Haven, CT. Retrieved from http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org
• Euromosaic. (n.d.). Euromosaic . Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya - Departament de Cultura, Generalitat de Catalunya. Retrieved from http://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/
• LMP. (n.d.). UCLA language materials project. Teaching resources for less commonly taught languages. Los Angeles, CA: Center for World Languages, UCLA International Institute, University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved from http://www.lmp.ucla.edu
• Moseley, C. (Ed.). (2010). Atlas of the world’s languages in danger (3th ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/ (Original work published 1996)
• Ó Donnaíle, C. (2011). European minority languages. Sleat, Isle of Skye, Scotland: Sabhal Mòr Ostaig.
  http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/saoghal/mion-chanain/en/
• Wikitongues. (2018). Brooklyn, NY.
  https://wikitongues.org
• Woodbury, A. (2012). Endangered Languages. Articles in the Domain of Linguistics - The Science of Linguistics - What Is Linguistics? Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America.
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/endangered-languages
Woodbury, A. C. (n.d.). What is an endangered language? Washington, DC: Linguistic Society of America.
https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/Endangered_Languages_0.pdf

Signed languages

• Lewis, M. P., Simons, G. F., & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.). (2016). Deaf sign language. In Ethnologue: Languages of the world (19th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. Retrieved from https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/sign-language
• Portal de la Llengua de Signes Catalana. (n.d.). Barcelona: Secció Filològica, Institut d’Estudis Catalans. Retrieved from http://blogs.iec.cat/lsc/
• Lengua de signos. (2013). Confederación Estatal de Personas Sordas. Madrid: CNSE, Confederación Estatal de Personas Sordas. Retrieved from http://www.cnse.es/lengua.php
• Biblioteca de signos. (n.d.). Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. Madrid: Fundación Biblioteca Virtual Manuel de Cervantes. Retrieved from http://bib.cervantesvirtual.com/seccion/signos/

Artificial languages

• Rosenfeld, M. The language construction kit
  http://www.zompist.com/kit.html
• Constructed Human Languages Homepage
  http://quetzal.bogarthome.net/conlang.html
• Klingon Language Institute
  https://www.kli.org/
• Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
  http://www.elvish.org/

Linguistic typology

• ALT, Association for Linguistic Typology
  http://www.linguistic-typology.org/
• Dryer, M. S., & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.). (2013). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthroplogy.
  http://wals.info

Language as a semiotic system

Ferdinand de Saussure

Semiotics and communication

• Chandler, D., Semiotics for Beginners, Department of Education, University of Wales
  http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/
• Michelucci, P., Sites of significance for semiotics, Department of French, University of Toronto
  http://french.chass.utoronto.ca/as-sa/EngSem1.html

Communication systems

Non verbal communication

• Exploring Nonverbal Communication, University of California at Santa Cruz
  https://nonverbal.ucsc.edu/
• Tidwell, Ch. A. Non-verbal communication modes, School of Bussiness, Andrews University
  https://www.andrews.edu/~tidwell/bsad560/NonVerbal.html
• Givens, D. B. (2013). The NonVerbal Dictionary of Gestures, Signs & Body Language Cues. Spokane, WA: The Center for Nonverbal Studies. Retrieved from http://center-for-nonverbal-studies.org/htdocs/6101.html
• Martinell, E.- Ueda, H. Diccionario de gestos españoles. Versión Internet. Departamento de Español, Universidad de Tokio.
  https://lecture.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~cueda/gakusyu/gestos/index.html

Language and culture

Edward Sapir

Phonetics

Phonology

Roman Jakobson

Morris Halle

• Gasser, M. (2006). Word forms: Processes. How language works. The cognitive science of linguistics 3.0. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University. Retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/PhonProcess/intro.html
• Lessard, G. (1996). La phonologie. FREN 215: Introduction à la linguistique française. Kingston, Ontario: Études Françaises, Queen's University. Retrieved from http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap3.html
• Liberman, M. (2003). Sound structure of language. Linguistics 001: Introduction to linguistics. Philadelphia, PA: Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved from http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/phonology.html
• Myers, S., & Crowhurst, M. (2006). Phonology: Case studies. Austin, TX: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas. Retrieved from http://www.laits.utexas.edu/phonology/index.html

Morphology

Leonard Bloomfield

Charles Hockett

• Bender, B.W., Essays on Morphology, Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaïi
  http://www2.hawaii.edu/~bender/toc.html
• Bender, B.W., Morphological Paradoxes, Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaïi
  http://www2.hawaii.edu/~bender/paradox.html
• Bender, B.W., Morphological Processes, Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaïi
  http://www2.hawaii.edu/~bender/process.html
• Gasser, M., Grammatical categories. How Language Works (edition 3.0). Computer Science Department, University of Indiana.
  http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Inflection/intro.html
• Gasser, M., Derivation. How Language Works (edition 3.0). Computer Science Department, University of Indiana.
  http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Derivation/intro.html
• Lessard, G., La morphologie, Introduction à la linguistique française, Département d’Études Françaises, Queens University at Kingston
  http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap4.html
• Lessard, G., La morphologie dérivationnelle, Introduction à la linguistique française, Département d’Études Françaises, Queens University at Kingston
  http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap5.html
• Liberman, M., Morphology, Linguistics 001: Introduction to Linguistics, Linguistics Department, University of Pennsylvania
  http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2003/ling001/morphology.html
• Dryer, M. S., & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.). (2013). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthroplogy.
  http://wals.info

Morphological analysers

Morphological analysis

Lexicon

• Lessard, G., La lexicologie, Introduction à la linguistique française, Département d’Études Françaises, Queens University at Kingston
  http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap6.html

Lexical databases

• Duchon, A., Perea, M., Sebastián-Gallés, N., Martí, M. A., & Carreiras, M. (2013). EsPal - Spanish Lexical Database. Donostia: Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language.
  http://www.bcbl.eu/databases/espal/index.php
• Guasch, M., Masip, A., Sunyer, E., & Boada, R. (2012). NIM. El buscador d’estímuls fet per i per a psicolingüistes. Tarragona: Departament de Psicologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
  http://psico.fcep.urv.es/utilitats/nim/index_cat.php
• Guasch, M., Masip, A., Sunyer, E., & Boada, R. (2012). NIM. El buscador de estímulos hecho por y para psicolingüistas. Tarragona: Departament de Psicologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
  http://psico.fcep.urv.es/utilitats/nim/index_esp.php
• Multilingual Central Repository (ILI 3.0). (2016). Donostia: IXA Group - Logic and Reasoning Group, Facultad de Informática, Universidad del País Vasco.
  http://adimen.si.ehu.es/cgi-bin/wei/public/wei.consult.perl
• MultiWordNet. (2004). Trento: Natural Language Processing Research Unit, Bruno Kessler Center in Information and Communication Technology.
  http://multiwordnet.fbk.eu/english/home.php
• WordNet. A lexical database for English. (2010). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
  https://wordnet.princeton.edu

Syntax

• Gasser, M. Sentences. How Language Works (edition 3.0). Computer Science Department, University of Indiana.
  http://www.indiana.edu/~hlw/Sentences/intro.html
• Gezundhajt, H., Analyse de la phrase, Sur les sentiers de la linguistique, Centre d’Études en Linguistique Française, Université de Toronto
  http://www.linguistes.com/phrase/table.html
• Lessard, G., La syntaxe, Introduction à la linguistique française, Département d’Études Françaises, Queens University at Kingston
  http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap7.html
• Santorini, B., Introduction to Syntactic Theory, Linguistics 250, S06, Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania
  http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/250/
• Dryer, M. S., & Haspelmath, M. (Eds.). (2013). The World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthroplogy.
  http://wals.info

Syntactic analysers

Syntactic analysis

Semantics

• Hébert, L., Le petit glossaire du sémanticien, Glossaires, Repères pour l’étude, Texto! Textes et cultures
  http://www.revue-texto.net/Reperes/Glossaires/Glossaire_fr.html
• Gezundhajt, H., Sémantique de la phrase, Sur les sentiers de la linguistique, Centre d’Études en Linguistique Française, Université de Toronto
  http://www.linguistes.com/phrase/semantique.html
• Lessard, G., La sémantique, Introduction à la linguistique française, Département d’Études Françaises, Queens University at Kingston
  http://post.queensu.ca/~lessardg/Cours/215/chap8.html
• Moeschler, J., Sémantique, Département de Linguistique, Université de Genève
  https://sites.google.com/site/moeschlerjacques/enseignement/semantique
• Semantic role, in Glossary of Linguistic Terms. Dallas: SIL International
  https://glossary.sil.org/term/semantic-role

Pragmatics

• IPra, International Pragmatics Association
  https://ipra.uantwerpen.be/
• Marlett, S.A. (Ed.) Curso de semántica y pragmática general, SIL International
  http://www.capacitar.sil.org/semantica/semantica.htm
• John L. Austin. Kemerling, G. Philosophy Pages
  http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aust.htm
• H. Paul Grice. In Eliasmith, C. (Ed.) Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind, Washington University, St. Louis.
  https://sites.google.com/site/minddict/grice-herbert-paul
• John Searle, Department of Philosophy, University of California at Berkeley
  http://philosophy.berkeley.edu/searle
• Dan Sperber, CEU, Budapest; Institut Nicod, Paris; International Cognition and Culture Institute
  http://www.dan.sperber.fr/
• Deirdre Wilson, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London
  https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=DSMWI94
• M. Victoria Escandell, Departamento de Lengua Española y Lingüística General, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid
  http://portal.uned.es/portal/page?_pageid=93,694763&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
• Yus, F., Relevance Theory Online Bibliographic Service, Departament de Filologia Anglesa, Universitat d’Alacant
  https://personal.ua.es/francisco.yus/rt.html

Sociolinguistics

Links to sociolinguistics resources

• Stockwell, P. (2002). Web links - Sociolinguistics. In Sociolinguistics. A resource book for students. London: Routledge. Retrieved from http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/0415234530/links_sociol.html

General resources on sociolinguistics

• Wolfram, W., Sociolinguistics, LSA Fields of Linguistics, Linguistic Society of America
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/sociolinguistics
• Thomason, S.G., Language Variation and Change, LSA Fields of Linguistics, Linguistics Society of America
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/language-variation-and-change

Language variation

William Labov

Geographical variation

• González Salgado, J.A., Atlas lingüísticos en Internet, Cartografía lingüística de Extremadura
  http://www.geolectos.com/atlas.htm

Gender variation

• IGALA, International Gender and Language Association
  https://www.facebook.com/InternationalGenderandLanguageAssociationIGALA?fref=ts/Index.html
• Moore, A., Language and Gender, Andrew Moore’s teaching resource site
  http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/lang/gender.htm

Language contact

• Winford, D., Languages in Contact, LSA Fields of Linguistics, Linguistics Society of America
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/languages-contact
• Valdés, G., Multilingualism, LSA Fields of Linguistics, Linguistics Society of America
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/multilingualism

Language planning and language policy

• Crawford, J., Language Policy Web Site
  http://www.languagepolicy.net
• Leclerc, J., L’aménagement linguistique dans le monde, Université Laval
  http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/

Language change

• Thomason, S. G., Language Variation and Change, LSA Fields of Linguistics, Linguistics Society of America
  https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/language-variation-and-change

Linguistics